Cascaded Metasurface Design Using Electromagnetic Inversion With Gradient-Based Optimization

This article presents an electromagnetic inversion algorithm for the design of cascaded metasurfaces that enables process to begin from more practical output field specifications, such as a desired power pattern or far-field (FF) performance criteria. Thus, this method combines greater transformation support multiple with flexibility inverse source framework. To end, two optimization problems are formed: one associated interior space between and other exterior space. The cost functionals corresponding each these minimized using nonlinear conjugate gradient (CG) analytic expressions operators. numerical implementation developed procedure is presented in detail, including total variation (TV) regularizer incorporated into favor smooth variations unit cell next. capabilities demonstrated by converting produced surface susceptibilities three-layer admittance sheet models, which simulated several 2-D examples.